How Much Overhang Can My Granite Countertop Have Without further Support?

How much overhang can I have without added support? The short write back every person is looking for is 12 inches. The Marble compose of America recommends no more than 12 inches unsupported. This short write back is not enough as there are variables that must be understood to safely write back this question. The maximum overhang depends upon the hardness of the stone and just how much counter Is Fully supported vs how much is not. Cantilevered weight offset, is what we are looking for.

Here is an extreme example. If you only have 6 inches of stone on top of a wall cap then the maximum safe overhang is 2 inches following the 2/3rds rule. The Marble institutes 12 inch guide line may lead person to believe that it is ok to have 12 inches of overhang when in this situation it would immediately fall off the wall and potentially injure anything with feet in the path of the falling granite.

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So to construe the maximum overhang is the lesser of 2/3rd or 12 inches. Even that depends upon the fragility of the material. I would not propose a 12 inch unsupported overhang with Onyx due to how soft and brittle the material is and you can get away with 16 inches if the material was Absolute Black as the material is fissure free and highly hard.

How much overhang can you have without added support? This inquire comes up daily and affects layout and whole compose of many kitchens.

The right write back is up to 12 inches for granite, providing 2/3 or more is cantilevered to offset the unsupported weight.

Peninsula overhangs can make or break the whole functionality of a kitchen. The use of Corbels or legs to sustain added overhangs can work on chairs and leg areas so looking solutions can work on the functionality of a kitchen design.

You can have more and sometimes less is recommended depending upon the actual stone. Very hard stones can safely sustain more overhang, providing the 2/3 cantilevered criteria is met. Softer or more brittle stones may dictate less overhang.

What options do you have if you just have to have more overhang. Well there are merge distinct ones to consider.

Below are some of the beloved solutions and options as well some pros and cons to each solution.

-Corbels- descriptive but decorative

-Brackets- uncostly and effective, installed properly works good on wall tops than upon cabinets
themselves.

-Legs -Visible, ornamental but in the way of chairs and peoples legs.

-Granite Countertop sustain brackets- incommunicable and concealed but offers great support. They must be installed before the granite and cut into the cabinet itself. They are specifically designed for this challenge.

-Rods- Can be installed inside of the stone to develop and potentially expand the limit as this technique does reinforces brittle stones, but does nothing to expand the cantilever rule of 2/3rds.

Think a worst case scenario such as person choosing to jump up on top of a countertop and ask yourself, "would that be safe" reconsider the application as well. What is safe in a frat house is not the same for what is safe in a resignation community. reconsider the application, material, cantilever sustain and err to the safe side when designing and planning the number of overhang you might engineer into your granite countertops.

Dan DiTomaso Stone Masters Inc. Http://www.stonemastersinc.net

How Much Overhang Can My Granite Countertop Have Without further Support?

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Types of Kitchen Flooring

The right kitchen flooring can not only make your life easier, but it has the potential to set the mood for the whole room. The three main factors to think when deciding on the type of flooring for your kitchen are durability, use, and style. We'll start by taking a closer look at some of the most favorite choices in kitchen flooring.

Hardwood Flooring
With its warmth and animated tone, hardwood flooring creates a customary feeling in any kitchen. Hardwood floors are known for their attractiveness and credit and are sturdy surfaces that are easy to clean. One of the most favorite types of hardwood floors is oak which is neutral in color and very durable. Other favorite types of wood used for flooring are ash, cherry and walnut.

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Hardwood floors come in two types: solid and engineered. Solid flooring is cut from particular pieces of wood and worked into desired shapes. Solid hardwood floors come in strip flooring which are nailed to sub-flooring, plank flooring which has wider boards, and parquet flooring which comes in squares or geometric shapes to create distinct patterns.

Engineered flooring is created by laminating thin sheets of wood together in a crisscross pattern for strength. They are then topped with a veneer of hardwood to add strength. Engineered flooring holds up good than solid flooring when exposed to changes in moisture and humidity. This makes it a good choice for below-ground floors. Engineered hardwood floors come in strips and planks.

When purchasing hardwood floors for your kitchen, you want to make sure that it has already been finished. Pre-finished hardwood is your best bet for any reasons. First of all, pre-finished wood flooring is less prone to damage and easier to declare than its unfinished counterpart. Secondly, it is more durable and will in most cases come with long-term manufacturer warranties. Lastly, pre-finished hardwood floors are offered in a wide collection of stain colors and can be actually re-stained to match hereafter remodeling projects.

Laminate Flooring
Laminate is a cost-effective choice for kitchen flooring that is both long-lasting and easy to maintain. Although not thought about to be on the same level as wood and marble flooring, laminate can be created to imitate such looks. It is made of any layers and can be installed over
existing floors.

Laminate flooring has an impressive life span. In the lifespan of one laminate floor, floor covering would need to be supplanted 2 to 4 times, solid hardwoods would need 3 to 5 refinishing treatments, and vinyl flooring would need to be supplanted 3 times. Most laminate flooring comes with a manufacturer's warranty of 25 years or longer.

Laminate flooring is extremely durable, which makes it a great choice for families with busy kitchens. It will resist damage from traffic, spills, and scrapes and it makes cleaning and maintenance very simple. Laminate flooring will not lose color over time, while flooring such as hardwood tends to fade. It is offered in many distinct styles and patterns, and can imitate other types of flooring such as wood, rock, gravel, and concrete.

Vinyl Flooring
Vinyl flooring is an affordable and aesthetically pleasing choice for kitchen flooring. Because of its durableness and moisture resistance it is primarily used in busy areas of the home such as kitchens and bathrooms. Other presume for its popularity is that it can, much like laminate, be made to imitate other flooring materials such as stone, marble, and wood. Vinyl flooring is often referred to by the favorite manufacturers' trade names Linoleum® and Congoleum®.

Vinyl is made of plastic, or more specifically polyvinyl chloride - abbreviated Pvc - to which other compounds are added. It can consist of either many layers of material or just one layer.

It is manufactured using one of two processes: inlay or rotovinyl. With inlay vinyl, color and pattern are imbedded into the vinyl layers, while with rotovinyl only a particular layer of vinyl is printed with color and pattern. Both manufacturing processes wish a protective coating overlay in order to boost durability.

Inlay vinyl flooring, which is only available in tile form, offers great wear resistance since the colors and patterns go all the way straight through the flooring material. Rotovinyl comes in both sheet and tile form. Resistance to wear is dependent on the type of protective coating used while the manufacturing process. Vinyl floors are very easy to maintain. Sweeping or using a dust mop is often all that is needed.

Marble Flooring
Marble flooring is known for its natural attractiveness and unbeatable durability. Marble is a type of metamorphic rock that is formed below the earth's crust. Although the preferred choice for some, marble flooring is not the optimal choice for kitchen flooring as it is porous and prone
to staining.

Marble flooring comes in many styles and always adds a unique look to a room because no two slabs of marble are identical. It comes in a collection of colors such as pure white, deep green, brown, grey and blue. It is ranked in grades A straight through D, A being the strongest with the least natural imperfections and D being the softest with most faults. Although grade A marble is the most expensive, it is the recommended choice for kitchens because it is the most durable.

When choosing marble for your kitchen floor, there are a few things to keep in mind. Since marble surfaces can become very glossy when wet, you should select finishes to help create traction for your floor; these include tumbled and honed finishes. Marble flooring also requires regular maintenance to last a long time. Because it is porous, marble is susceptible to stains from tasteless household liquids so it is foremost to apply a sealant to safe it.

Ceramic Tile Flooring
Ceramic tile flooring is a very favorite type of kitchen flooring in the United States - it is one of the oldest and longest-lasting flooring materials known. Ceramic tile is especially well distinguished for areas with high traffic and exposure to water and dirt, such as entryways, bathrooms, kitchens and hallways.

There are four basic decisions to make when choosing ceramic tile for your floor: size, shape, color, and finish. Ceramic tile ranges in size from 1/4" quadrilateral to 12" x 12" squares and even larger. Shapes include square, rectangular, diamond, hexagon, octagon, triangular, round etc. - depending on your budget, you can get ceramic tile in any shape you can perhaps imagine.

Color choices are endless, from black and white to everything in-between, and as far as stop is involved most population opt for the glazed finish. Glazed tile is naturally more water unyielding and easier to clean than any other finish. It does tend to be more glossy when wet, but you can actually get tiles that are glazed with a non-slip material, which should take care of that problem. Ceramic tiles are very strong, durable, cost-effective, and wish miniature maintenance - making it an animated alternative to many other flooring materials.

Tile Flooring
Stone tile flooring has a natural look and is strong and durable. It comes in any textures and colors and no two pieces are the same. Stone tiles can look customary and rustic or contemporary and elegant. Although this flooring choice can be expensive, stone tiles have the potential to last a lifetime.

Stone tile floors are commonly easy to maintain, usually requiring only a mop for cleaning. For extra durability, stone should be periodically sealed. Since kitchens can become busy and messy places, you should select stone tiles that are unyielding to moisture damage and staining.

Granite tile flooring is one of the good options for kitchen flooring because it is denser and more durable than other stone options. Granite is still susceptible to stains so it should be sealed and periodically resealed for regular maintenance.

Factors such as room size, layout, materials used and whole of labor required will all affect the cost of your kitchen remodeling project. Your scheme is going to cost more if you are beginning from scratch with a perfect remodel rather than just replacing a integrate of items.

A kitchen remodeling scheme can cost in any place from ,000 to ,000 or even 0,000 - you can regulate the cost of your kitchen remodeling scheme by making goods choices that fit your budget.

A new kitchen is a major investment, so take your time choosing colors, finishes and features - and remember to have fun. Work closely with your expert contractor and don't hesitate to ask for help and creative ideas - this will bring you one step closer to the kitchen of your dreams.

Types of Kitchen Flooring

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The Best Types of electric Smokers in the shop

Smoking is a process of cooking food by applying steam, commonly from burning wood. Meat and fish are the two most common foods being smoked. This is healthier without the need for oil.

While maintaining the basic premise, manufacturers now introduced galvanic smokers. Instead of burning woods, this appliance emits steam or smoke to cook foods.

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Most galvanic smokers have climatic characteristic controls and adjustment controls vital for cooking meat or chicken perfectly. Several galvanic smokers also have automated heat generators. Some types of smokers are charcoal, wood, galvanic and gas.

Listed below are some types of galvanic smokers that are ready in the market:

The Brinkmann Gourment galvanic Smoker is fully painted in two colors; such as black and red. It has 1500 to 1600 watt heating elements. It has a unique thermometer and front hinged door for adding water easily.

The Old Smokey galvanic Smoker has a drum shape. It is fully made from aluminum. It also comes with two water pans and a rack. It is the cheapest galvanic smoker. Its produces heat the same way an galvanic oven does. It has a thermostat operate and a flat top. The juice emitted from the meat drips back down to keep the food flavorful.

The Char-Broil galvanic Water Smoker has a 1650 watt heating element duly controlled by a thermostat. It has a wooden handle. It can be converted into an galvanic brazier. Although the process of smoking using this appliance is rudimentary, this model can cook flavorful meats. It is one of the most affordable you can find in the market.

The Meco galvanic Smoker 5029 and is made from stainless steel. It is a great cheapo starter smoker. It can be nothing else but added with chunks, chips or pellets, along with its doors on its side. It has a 1650-watt heater as well as low, medium and high setting controls (with a basic thermostat). If you want to cook with charcoal, simply take off the heating element of this galvanic smoker.

The Cookshack galvanic Smoker has an adjustable climatic characteristic operate from 150 to 300oF. The sealed make is exquisite for smoking meat, chicken or other foods, except for vegetables.

The galvanic Water Smokers has a vertical galvanic smoker make that can attract the concentration of consumers. The water pan helps operate climatic characteristic and keeps the smoking process of meat or fish moist.

The Cabela's prime Vertical Smokershas all the whistles and bells you need in order to take on your turkey or meat smoking project. It has 8mm steel assembled components, powder coated for a tougher fish. The adjustable ball bearings and two door make compression-fit door systems forestall smoke and heat loss as you add some water or chips or wood.

Cabela's prime Vertical Smoker also features cool-touch handles, 20, 000Btu burners, chrome-plated racks and a built-in sausage hook. It whistles a bell when smoking is done. This appliance is heavy-duty, resembling a refrigerator. The food is settled inside "shelves" for smoking.

The Masterbuilt galvanic Smoker has a digital operate system that can help make those culinary masterpieces. Its heating element can be adjusted from 100 degree to 275oF. It is exquisite for cooking or grilling. It also features 640 quadrate inches of cooking surfaces and digital controls.

The Best Types of electric Smokers in the shop

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Refrigerator amelioration History

Records show that as far back as 1,000 Bc the Chinese cut ice in the winter and stored it to use in warmer weather. This formula has been used extensively with ice houses being built throughout the 18th century specifically for this purpose. It is also known that in 500 Bc Egyptians made use of ice by placing packaging of water out on cold nights to frost and stored for later use. The ice houses built in the 18th century were for both industrial and private use with wealthy families having their own ice house. Ice formed simply in the winter was cut into blocks and wrapped in flannel and stored in these houses many of which were private until required in the summer. Many ice fellowships were formed which had large ice houses and charged businesses and homes for ice to be supplied to them. Many homes at this time had ice boxes which were insulated packaging in which food and ice were stored together and as the ice melted more was purchased.

Refrigerators work on the principle of taking a special type of gas that when it's compressed it turns into a liquid which absorbs heat. It took 100 years and results from four main inventors before a working refrigerator motor was invented and patented in 1834 by Jacob Perkins. The habitancy who pioneered the way to this invention were in 1720 a Scotsman called Dr William Cullen who carried out experiments in evaporation. Next was Oliver Evans of Pennsylvania who designed a compression motor that was never built but his institute was used later. Michael Farady was the first to beyond doubt furnish a gadget that cooled using ammonia in 1820. Jacob's motor which used ether for cooling failed commercially simply because every person seemed happy with using natural ice supplied from ice houses so he moved into printing instead.

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The rest of the 1800s concentrated on refrigeration on an industrial and industrial scale as household company would not pick up until the 1900s. From 1937 James Harrison worked on perfecting a cooling motor to be used in countries like Australia where huge amounts of ice were not available to store for summer months. It took him till 1856 before he got it right and had a motor built in a large brewery to keep beer cool. This refrigeration motor for cooling beer was the first industrial cooler used in business and adapted for use in varied environments.

This soon resulted in ice manufacture factories that competed with the ice houses that used natural ice with the ice manufacture machines proving to be better. For in the warmer winters the natural ice stores would not have enough to supply ice all summer whereas the mechanical ice makers could work all year round. Gently from 1900 domestic refrigerators were introduced onto the store with tiny interest until general galvanic introduced the Monitor Refrigerator in 1927 and that is when the communal beyond doubt started to take domestic refrigerators seriously. Today refrigerators can be found in 99.5% of homes nearby the world.

Refrigerator amelioration History

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Kitchen Towel Rack Inside Cabinet Door - An Innovative storehouse clarification

The kitchen is one place in the house which should always be kept clean and dry. It is the place where the food is ready and cooked. This is also the place where germs most likely thrive. In order to articulate the cleanliness and orderliness of the place, kitchen towel rack inside cabinet doors are the solution.

Most individuals want their kitchen to be organized. There are any organizing kits which are already made to serve this purpose. The most base ones are the cabinets, rack and holders. Cabinets serve as a storage area for separate items. Each cabinet commonly has the same group of materials grouped together. Examples of which are the glasses which are group together, as well as the plates are separated from the utensils, while an additional one cabinet can contain all the pots and pans. Aside from these items, some cabinets contain supplies for the kitchen like groceries.

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Racks on the other hand, hold items such as paper towels and towels. commonly racks are located near the sink because this is the place where towels are hanged. It is a more convenient location for the towels to be hanged to dry. Other keep their kitchen towels hanged in oven bars while others keep their kitchen towel in the door of the refrigerator. But there are those who prefer to keep the towel racks somewhere that is not visible at all. The newest innovation, the kitchen towel rack inside the cabinet door is the answer.

There are any advantages for kitchen towel racks inside the cabinet door. One is that it is more organized to look at a kitchen with no kitchen towels hanging around. an additional one is for safety purposes, reducing the risk of fire. Aesthetic guess is the third one because there will be no more holes drilled on the wall.

With kitchen towel racks inside the cabinet door, it is neater because all will look to be in order now. all is hidden inside the cabinets, even the towels. an additional one advantage, with the kitchen towel rack located inside the cabinet door, one can avoid putting the towels in oven handles. Towels which are located in oven handles are commonly one of the sources of fire. Due to the extreme heat of the oven, the towel is also heated and turns brittle. One a small flick of fire touches it, it can legitimately burn which can cause the start of fire in the kitchen. Aside from the oven, the refrigerator handles are also one of the popular spots for the towels. When a tiny child uses, it looks dirty and untidy. Lastly since there is no ready place for the towel holders, there is a tendency that new holes are drilled on the wall. It destroys the make of the kitchen.

It is effective because the towels can be air-dried inside without any insects flying over it. It is also cleaner because it is not exposed in the kitchen. Aside from these, the towels are now more organized. There are separate designs for these kitchen racks which have more than one handle. The length of the towel racks also differs to suit your towel sizes. Aside from the kitchen towel racks inside the cabinet door, other designs are also available. These designs fit the bathroom and other areas in the house.

Kitchen Towel Rack Inside Cabinet Door - An Innovative storehouse clarification

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Reading Blueprints - 15 Tips to Help You Understand Drawings, Elevations and Floor Plans

Blueprints are nothing more than copies of the final plans drawn up for the home owners' approval. Very detailed, these documents comprise a wealth of information. Typically, a blueprint box includes a set of drawings called elevations, illustrating face and interior walls. But that's not all. The box contains other drawings. One is of your construction site, and other drawing illustrates the foundation of the house. The reflected ceiling plan reveals where light fixtures are to be placed.

In addition, each blueprint incorporates a materials list with sizes and quantities of all valuable components required to construct the construction features. This facts enables the undertaker of a package deal to compile construction costs. There is one added kind of blueprints-the floorplans-with which habitancy are probably the most familiar. Here's an insider's guide to reading the plans to your dream home.

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1. Scale and dimensions are clearly indicated.

The scale of blueprints may be 1/4-inch or 1/2-inch to the foot. Whatever the scale, it will be noted in one of the lower corners of the blueprint. All blueprints to the house are drawn to the same scale. Dimensions are noted in feet and inches. In most cases, the length and width of all the face walls are shown in addition to dimensions of each room. With this facts in hand, you can as a matter of fact decree which rooms are best sized for varied family activities. You can also plan for the arrangement of furnishings.

2. face walls are represented by thick parallel lines, and interior walls are represented by thinner lines.

The placement of the walls, particularly the decisions you make about the interior partition walls, greatly sway the layout of your home. And, if you can understand the exact placement when you first receive the blueprints, you'll likely make fewer changes as the process evolves, cutting down on unnecessary and unforeseen expenses to your project.

3. Rooms are clearly labeled by function- kitchen, living, dining, etc.

Built-in items within rooms also are presented in a logical fashion. For example, as you study the documents, fireplaces, closets and built-ins come to be obvious. Also apparent are the placement of kitchen and bathroom fixtures, counters, sinks, cabinetry and kitchen appliances.

4. It's easy to decree ceiling configurations and two-story rooms.

A series of parallel dashes over a room denotes a ceiling beam; an arrow accompanied by the word "sloped" marks a cathedral ceiling. A double-height room is easy to spot. The blueprint of the lower level bears the notation "open to above" and the upper level "open to below."

5. Doors are represented by a level line.

When you study the blueprint of the floorplan, pretend that you are walking straight through the actual house. Visualize the two-dimensional blueprints in a three-dimensional form. This technique helps you transform the data and symbols into something more real. A good place to start is at the entryway. From there, you can clearly see the wide organization of the home's interior. In houses designed today, rooms are located into one of three zones dedicated to living (family room, dining room and living room), work (kitchen, laundry and utility rooms) or sleeping (bedrooms and corresponding bathrooms). They appear as if open with a thinner, curving line showing the space required for them to close.

French doors have two level and two curved lines. Two overlapping sets of level lines is the sticker for sliding glass doors. Parallel solid lines within walls are windows. Like doors, overlapping lines indicate sliding window units. As you study the placement of windows and doors, you can decree if they will permit good ventilation and natural lighting of the interior, as well as make the most of face views and furnish sufficient way to the outdoors.

6. On the blueprints of a two-story house, you will encounter a staircase, revealed by a group of parallel lines.

The estimate of lines is equal to the estimate of steps. The lines are accompanied by arrows. Those labeled "up" mean that the staircase leads to a higher level; conversely, those labeled "down" lead to a lower level.

7. Letters on the drawings serve as keys to the facts listed in the margins.

For example, on the blueprint of the floorplan, a series of circled letters starting with "A" refer to the types of doors selected. This "door schedule," as it is called, coordinates the location of each door, as well as the style and size. A closet door, for example, has a circled letter at the permissible place on the blueprint. In reading the blueprint, the corresponding margin notation may read something like "2'-0" solid core flush door, paint-grade veneer."

8. Openings on the blueprint for windows bear a estimate within a circle.

This marking refers to the list of window styles and sizes cited in the window agenda in the blueprint margin. As an example, a bathroom window may bear the designation of "1" in a circle. Finding at the window schedule, the circled 1 may be listed as a "3'0" x 2'10" awning window."

9. The same arrival applies to electrical symbols.

Here are some coarse examples: A capital "S" stands for a wall switch that controls an overhead light fixture. A capital "S" with a subscript "3" refers to a three-way wall switch. A capital "J" in a box marks the location of a junction box. A capital "L" in a circle is the site of an face light fixture. A triangle indicates the location of a telephone receptacle.

10. Large letters accompanied by carets (>) pointing toward each wall refer to an elevation, or drawing, of the wall as it will appear when built.

An face elevation is descriptive by a large letter and a 90-degree, angled line to the side.

11. The placement of appliances and fixtures is easy to determine.

The sticker for a kitchen range or cooktop is four circles within a square. Bird's-eye drawings are used to characterize the refrigerator, kitchen sink, bath sinks, toilets and showers. In the kitchen, a series of dashes accompanied by the notation "Dw" mark the location of an undercounter dishwasher. Look considered to see that the appliances have been located where you want them. Again, visualize yourself inside of the home, establishment meals (or doing the dishes).

12. Tile flooring also is easy to spot.

It is descriptive by an expanse of small squares in the bathroom or in front of a fireplace drawing.

13. Elevations characterize how the walls of the house will appear when built.

Interior wall elevations comprise drawings of fireplaces, cabinets and shelving, windows, doors and other desired built-in elements. face elevations note the location of windows, doors and other items such as roof eaves.

14. Accompanying the elevations may be some drawings which shape the construction details.

Frequently, you'll find drawings outlining the configuration of face corners. Or, you may be given the foundation footings and column bases, indicating depths and widths.

15. Sections furnish a see-through representation of the house.

You can visually see how varied elements of the house will align when construction is completed. This is helpful in visualizing porticos and other details of the facade, as well as outdoor decks, arcades and any attractive aspects. If this seems too overwhelming, don't try to discharge all of the facts that blueprints furnish at one sitting. Study them in a slow manner, allowing the house to recite itself to you gradually over time. Then, when you have a firm idea of what your new log home will look like and how it will function, you'll have much more reliance in your leap of faith to start building.

Reading Blueprints - 15 Tips to Help You Understand Drawings, Elevations and Floor Plans

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Wheelchair Accessible Kitchen Or When the Chef Has Wheels

I get many questions concerning details of an accessible kitchen. Questions like, what is the thorough countertop height from the floor to the top of the counter, or what is the thorough toe-kick. The list goes on and on.  Are there special appliances or cabinets? In this record I will cover the basics, cabinets, flooring, lighting, electrical, and finally appliances.

Cabinets
Most cabinet manufacturers offer specific Ada compliant cabinets which will give you a final countertop height of 32" from the floor to the top of the counter. They will also include the allowable toe-kick of 9" high by 6" deep. This provides room for the foot rest of a wheelchair to slide under the edge of the cabinet. This however does not supply entrance to the cook-top or sink. The base cabinets that will house these items will need to have knee space under the countertop. Now upper cabinets present a distinct set of problems. Even if they are installed at the thorough height above the base cabinets only the bottom shelf will be accessible to man seated in a wheelchair. I personally like to lower them an additional one 6" so that the bottom two shelves are accessible. Or you could save the expense and just leave them out. One last item, the base cabinets should have large deep drawers instead of cabinet doors, as these are more accessible.  

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Flooring
The flooring should be hard surface, such as wood or ceramic tile or stone. You should avoid any kind of flooring that has give or is cushioned. This kind of floor makes it difficult to move a by hand wheelchair nearby as does wall to wall carpet or area rugs. Avoid these items if at all possible. Even the most innocent of kitchen rugs can be a hazardous tripping hazard for the disabled or elderly.
 
Lighting
With today's need to be green, lighting for the accessible kitchen is no longer considered specialized. The use of Cfl (Compact Florescent Light) bulbs and Led under cabinet low voltage task lighting is common place. So the only thing that positively needs to be said is that you need to supply task lighting in all food preparation areas.
 
Electrical
This is one area that is often overlooked as far where and how to setup electrical outlets and switches in an accessible kitchen.  Wall outlets are normally settled behind the base cabinet, whether above or in the backsplash. For man seated in a wheelchair this means they have to make a hazardous reach in order to use the outlet. It is better to setup the outlet in the face of the base cabinet, just under the countertop. Or a popup multi-outlet can be installed in the countertop itself within easy reach of the wheelchair occupant. Switches should be settled at 48" above the floor so that they are within reach of the wheelchair occupant. Use rocker type switches for those with minute use of their fingers. finally outlets that are on a wall without cabinets should be at least 18" above the floor for a safe reach in a wheelchair.

Appliances
While there is no need for specialized or institution appliances, distinct types of appliances are best in an accessible kitchen. Let's start with the stove for example, a approved range cannot be used, A isolate cook-top and oven unit will need to be used. As mentioned before the cook-top will need a knee space below the cabinet. The oven should be mounted in a base cabinet so it can be positively loaded and unloaded. A heat resistant exterior at countertop level should be provided to place hot pans on. Next a drawer type dishwasher can be mounted conventionally and positively accessed from a wheelchair. However, a thorough front loading dishwasher will need to be raised 9" to make it easy to load and unload. The sinks will have to have rear mounted drains to allow for the knee space below and still allow for a disposal. The microwave should be mounted below the countertop. finally the refrigerator should whether be a side by side model or a French door model with the freezer on the bottom.
 
There are probably other items that you can do to make a kitchen even more accessible. Try sitting in a thorough kitchen chair in front of a problem area and ask yourself what can I change, that will make this area more accessible.  I hope this helps those of you who need to make your kitchen more accessible for a wheelchair. If you have any questions don't hesitate ask. Remember breath Peace and God's Love..... 

Wheelchair Accessible Kitchen Or When the Chef Has Wheels

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Quitting Smoking - 3 Tips to Quit Cold Turkey

That fastest way to quit smoking and the cheapest way is just to stop. Easier said than done trust me I know, I smoked for 29 years. I am not going to lie or give you a pie in the sky miracle story. Quitting cold turkey is not easy; it was one of the hardest things if not the hardest thing I ever done.

When I first heard the term cold turkey, I notion of the poor crack addict out in the streets, and the horrifying withdrawals they go through. Well for me quitting smoking was not that much different. Nevertheless, it can be done and I'm going to give you some tips on how to do it.

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Tip #1: Admit it, Your Addicted
First thing, you have to come to grips with your addiction. Call it what it is an addiction. I am not going to get into the horror stories of what happens if you don't quit. That's for an additional one article. We all read the Surgeon General's warnings and saw the pictures of the black lungs and cancer patients. Probably a lot of us know population who went through these horrendous side effects. So first thing rule that once and for all you're going to quit.

Tip#2: Quit or Not Do Not consolidate Nicotine
The first formula I tried was tapering off, cutting back on my smokes gradually. Of policy this never worked for me. It seemed to me the process was way to slow my body constantly cried out for more. Craving that nicotine fix. Then I tried the patches and gum. This one actually messed me up. Of course, I combined both and had a terrible reaction. It was actually laughable now as I look back at it.

Tip#3: What Worked for Me
Well one day, I ultimately decided sufficient was sufficient and came to the windup I was going to quit cold turkey. Things that helped,

· I drank a lot of water to flush my principles of the toxins and nicotine.
· I chewed a ton of gum.
· When the cravings hit hard, I had to divert my concentration to something else, especially had to avoid the fridge. It was risky and I started gaining weight.

A good thing about it, after 3 days for me (it is reported 3 to 5 days) the resignation symptoms irritability, tiredness, and cravings lessen a whole lot. They actually did. In addition, Nlp techniques actually helped, especially the swish-pattern.

That's how I did it. It worked for me and I wish you success. Good luck!

Quitting Smoking - 3 Tips to Quit Cold Turkey

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Safe Food warehouse Temperatures

Whether you have kids going off to college, exciting into an apartment, or if you have younger kids - you want to be sure they know about safe food storehouse temperatures. A communicate of safe storehouse for refrigerated or freezing foods can prevent serious illness. Bacteria multiplies in foods that are left at room climatic characteristic for many hours, especially meat and dairy products. Bacterial poising can ordinarily be prevented if food is properly refrigerated or freezing and cooked to sufficient temperatures. Here is a simple checklist to communicate with the family to prevent food illness from improperly stored foods.

Storing Refrigerated Food

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There is a limit as to how long food can be kept in the fridge. Once the food begins to look or smell bad, it should be thrown out. Ensue these tips to help keep refrigerated food safe:

Always keep the climatic characteristic in the fridge at 4ºC or 40º F or less to deter bacterial growth. Store eggs in their carton on a shelf, not the door. Keep meat and poultry products in the customary packaging. Containers contains foremost information, like best before dates, whether it was previously frozen, and where the goods is from (traceability). Keep your fridge clean to avoid cross-contamination from spilled or spoiled foods Don't let meat or juices of raw meat and poultry drip causing contamination of other foods. Check labels to see if refrigeration after chance is required, once a vacuum seal is broken. Refrigerating food reduces growth of organisms which can cause food poisoning. Food is ordinarily safe up to 2 weeks after opening, unless otherwise stated on the label. Do not store food in open metal cans in the refrigerator. Exchange food to glass or plastic reusable containers.
Storing freezing Food

Keeping food at -18ºC (0º F) stops bacterial growth, but it doesn't kill bacteria already there. Food can be defrosted in the fridge, under cold running water or in the microwave. If you defrost food in the microwave, cook it immediately. Food that is freezer burnt - dry in some spots - is safe to eat but may not taste very good. Do not refreeze food that was freezing then thawed.  If you cook the food when it is thawed, then you may refreeze it.
Fridge and Freezer Checklist

After you shop, immediately put away food that needs to be refrigerated or frozen.  You'll know where they need to be by remembering which section of the grocery store you bought them in. Is the climatic characteristic of your fridge and freezer cold enough? Fridge should be 4º C (40ºF) or below. Freezer should be -18ºC (0ºF). Don't put too much in whether your fridge or freezer. Cool air must circulate freely to keep food properly chilled. Clean them both regularly
Durable Life data on Food Products

Durable life is the whole of time that an unopened goods will keep its wholesomeness, taste and nutritional value when stored under standard conditions. Manufacturers and retailer are responsible for determining the durable life of their food products.  Durable life data is not a certify of the safety of the product.  Old pancake mix, for instance, can establish dangerous mold spores and should be discarded.

It is foremost to teach kids food safety. The one rule I teach every person in my family: When in Doubt  - Throw it Out!  It is not worth risking your health on bad food.

Safe Food warehouse Temperatures

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Turkey the Old-Fashioned Way

There are many yummy ways to get ready and serve turkey. It might be deep-fried, brined, poached, grilled...to mention just a few methods of preparation. This article, however, will focus strictly on tips and techniques for preparation excellent turkey the old-fashioned way - oven roasted.

Basic Technique for Roasting a Turkey...

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1. The safest formula for thawing a frozen turkey is by allowing the turkey to thaw in the refrigerator. Be clear to plan ahead...it will take roughly 3 days for a 20 pound turkey to defrost.

2. everybody wants to get ready sufficient turkey for the number of guests they serve, and commonly desire to have some turkey left over. To conclude the definite turkey size that will be needed, see the section below entitled 'How Much Turkey is Enough?'

3. Cooking time will differ depending on either the turkey was purchased fresh or frozen. Reason approximate cooking time in a 350F (175C) oven based on the following: 20 minutes per pound for a defrosted turkey, and 10 to 15 minutes per pound for fresh.

4. A turkey will cook more evenly if it is not densely stuffed. As an alternative, flavor may be added by loosely filling the cavity with aromatic vegetables and/or fruit -- carrots, celery, onions, apples, oranges, kumquats or garlic. Thought about tucking fresh herbs underneath the breast skin will also add flavor.

5. Before roasting, coat the covering of the turkey with vegetable or olive oil and season with salt and pepper.

6. For even roasting, it is best to truss the turkey, and especially so if roasting stuffed poultry. (See 'How to Truss a Turkey' below.)

7. Set the turkey on a rack in a large roasting pan to promote maximum air and heat circulation and to ensure that it cooks evenly. To yield moister, juicier white meat, place the turkey 'breast-down' on the rack. This technique will preclude the turkey breast from overcooking and becoming dry.

8. Set the roasting pan on the lowest rack of the oven to keep the turkey away from the top, which is the hottest part of the oven.

9. Once the turkey is cooking in the oven, resist the temptation to 'peek' inside by chance the oven door. chance and closing the oven door will cause the climatic characteristic to fluctuate, which will only increase the likelihood of a dry turkey. Avoid chance the oven door until roughly 45 minutes before the turkey anticipated to be done.

10. After checking for doneness (see 'When is the Turkey Done?' guidelines below), remove roasting pan from the oven, tent the turkey with foil and let it 'rest' for roughly 15 minutes before carving (see tips on 'How to Carve a Turkey' below). If additional time is needed to get ready gravy, heat up side dishes, etc., the turkey may be allowed to sit at room climatic characteristic (covered) for up to an hour without losing too much heat.

11. Refrigerate any leftover turkey within 2 to 3 hours of preparation. Store in airtight, shallow containers to allow sufficient circulation of cool air; date and label the containers. Turkey may be safely stored refrigerated for roughly 5 days and frozen for up to 4 months.

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How Much Turkey is Enough?

On average, to furnish 2 servings of turkey for each guest (and allowing for leftovers), the recommend weights are as follows:

> 10 pound turkey for 6 people

> 12 pound turkey for 8 people

> 15 pound turkey for 10 people

> 18 pound turkey for 12 people

> 21 pound turkey for 14 people

> 24 pound turkey for 16 people

- If you will be serving more than 16 guests (a recommended turkey size of more than 24 pounds), buy two turkeys that equal the total recommend weights.

- If the recommended turkey size is less than 12 pounds, you may wish to buy a turkey breast to roast.

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How to Truss a Turkey...

To 'truss' means to gather poultry or meat into a ageement shape. Trussing will ensure even roasting. The following technique is recommended when roasting poultry, especially a stuffed turkey.

1. To truss with string, take a piece of butcher's string about three times the distance of the turkey. Place the turkey on its back, tail end nearest to you. Slide the string underneath so that it is cradling the turkey in the town of its back.

2. Slowly pull the string up the sides...then nearby the wings. Pull the strings toward you, close to the breast, so that the wings are held against the body.

3. Cross the strings at the base of the breast, then wrap each string nearby the end of a drumstick.

4. Tie the ends of the string together, cinching it tightly so that the legs cross.

5. Finally, lift the turkey so that the tail end is up and wrap the string nearby the tail. Tie the string, pulling tightly so that the cavity is covered by the tail.

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When is the Turkey Done?

You will want to test your instant-read or customary meat thermometer a few days before preparation the turkey to ensure it is properly calibrated. Place the thermometer in a pot of boiling water. It should register 212F (100C) -- water's boiling point at sea level. If the reading does not reach the desired temperature, you will want to buy a new thermometer.

Keep a careful eye on the thermometer during the last half hour of cooking since the internal climatic characteristic may rise rapidly toward the end.

Using a meat thermometer, test for doneness in the thickest, meatiest parts of the turkey:

Test the widest section of the breast near the wing joint; the climatic characteristic should be 165F (73C).

Test the legs at the top of the thigh, near the hip joint; the climatic characteristic should be 180 (82C).

If cooking a stuffed turkey, conclude the internal climatic characteristic of the stuffing as well; it should be at least 165F (73C).

If using an instant-read thermometer, insert it deep sufficient to reach the heat sensor (the indentation about two-inches from the tip).

Also scrutinize the juices and oils at the lowest of the pan that are released during cooking. If they have a pinkish tinge, continue roasting; if they are clear, the turkey is probably done. (Try to insert the thermometer as infrequently as possible, to preclude the juices from escaping.)

Another way of checking for doneness is to move the leg up and down. The looser it becomes, the closer it is to being done.

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How to Carve a Turkey...

To carve a turkey, it is needful that you use a sharp carving knife and a good, heavy-weight fork. The following instructions will make carving a turkey roughly effortless.

1. Begin by cutting straight through the skin where the leg meets the breast. Pull the leg away from the body with the fork and continue to cut down, close to the body, to find the joint where the thigh meets the body. Pull the leg out additional and slice right straight through the joint to remove the leg and thigh.

2. Place the leg skin-side down and search the line at the joint where the thigh and the drumstick meet. Holding your knife along this line of the thigh, you can slice surely straight through the joint. If you hit resistance, adjust your angle and try again. Cut down straight through the line and cut off the thigh from the drumstick. Repeat this process with the other leg.

3. remove the wishbone (actually the collarbone) from the turkey. Removing the bone will preclude it from splintering when you carve the breast meat.

4. Next, run your knife straight through the skin along one side of the breastbone. Then cut down along the ribs, pulling the meat Slowly away from the bones in one large piece, leaving behind as little meat as possible.

5. When you reach the wing joint, cut straight through it and continue to remove the breast from the body. Repeat with the other side.

6. Finally, remove the wings and slice the breast meat before serving. (For even, sharp slices, cut the meat against the grain.)

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So, there you have it...everything you need to know about successfully roasting a turkey.

As you can see, preparation a turkey by adhering to the techniques above is not at all difficult. The small number of endeavor you spend will be well rewarded when the final product reaches the serving table and your guests rave about how surely noteworthy it is. Just remember one thing - serving a juicy, flavorful roasted turkey does not have to be reserved solely for the holiday season - it's amazing anytime of the year.

Copyright ©2005 Janice Faulk Duplantis

Turkey the Old-Fashioned Way

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What is the Best Brand of Washing Machine?

When looking for a new washing machine, the first thing you will ask is "what is the best brand of washing machine?" Today, there is a plethora of washing engine brands that are available in the market. Choosing the best one might seem like a great job. It is like looking a needle in a stack of hay.

There are a lot of good brands out there. Lg, Samsung, Haier and Maytag are some of the household names in the Us. Miele washers are more favorite in the Uk. Other brands like Kenmore, Ge and Whirlpool closely corollary in popularity.

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If your definition of the best brand of washer is a washer brand that always delivers quality products in its best and most durable state, you are going to be disappointed. All these brands, no matter how good they all are, also fail in some terms. There are going to be customers that are bound to palpate faults and failures in these washers.

A vigilant buyer does not look for brand name alone, though this is a good starting point. If you are to incorporate on one brand for starters, you should look for a brand with a good and solid track record. That is to say, they have been in this commerce for quite some time now and they have generally pleasant reviews. Some of the washer brands that are deemed the best by general reviews are Lg, Samsung, Maytag and Miele.

Lg and Samsung are two Korean brands that have penetrated the Us market. They are good known for their transmit and cutting-edge technology. The newest washers of Lg offers direct drive motor technology. This technology solves the question of washer break downs. When a washer with direct drive motor spins, fewer parts are moving. Because of this, it does not wear out easily. In comparison to other models, the spin cycle might cause other parts to come loose and to deteriorate quickly. This is why Lg washers are usually determined some of the most durable washers.

For quite washing techniques, Samsung also produces the best. With its new Vibration reduction technology, you can wash clothes loaded unevenly, without the noise and vibration problems.

Maytag's top load washers are determined the best. Not only is its capacity quite big for a large house but these washers can rival the efficiency of its front loading counterparts. Miele is the most favorite brand of washer in the Uk in general because it gives its users less problems. It does not authentically break and does a great laundry cleaning job.

The brand of washer you are going to pick will depend on your clothes washing needs. So, be more aware of the good brands out there and find out which one can solve your washer needs.

What is the Best Brand of Washing Machine?

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How to Fix a Warped Door

A warp in a door does not invent overnight - it happens gradually, so the sooner you notice, the easier it is to correct. The first real sign may be the door not closing properly, or the lock failing to work.

Doors made from badly seasoned timber are particularly prone to warping, though once you have corrected the warp it is unlikely to return. However, in some instances the warping is caused by exterior factors - such as a radiator sited too close to the door, or bad ventilation. If you hypothesize that this is the case, take steps to deal with the external problems or the warp may recur.

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If the warp is not too severe, there are some ways of forcing the door against the twist. Some of these, however, wish the door to be kept shut and in many cases this is not convenient.

If you can keep the door shut, wedging it shut against the warp for a few days may well prove to be effective.

To do this, look along the door to check the extent of the warp. Then, with the door just touching the doorstop, quantum the gap between the door and stop at the widest point and cut a wooden block slightly larger than this gap. Fit the block at the point where the door and stop shut, so that it touches the stop at top and bottom. If leaving the door shut isn't possible, you can either try altering the position of the hinge on the door frame to take up the twist (see diagram), or else alter the doorstop. How you do this depends on either you have a stop which is a separate piece of wood nailed on (planted) or one cut out of the wood of the door frame itself (rebated). If you have a planted stop, close the door and cut a block of wood slightly larger than the widest gap. Run the block down the edge of the door marking the stop with a pencil. Prise the stop off. Loosen with an old chisel then pull away from the frame with your hands. Plane the stop then refit it flush with the door.

A rebated stop forms part of the door frame and can't be removed. Instead you have to add a shaped piece to the stop to fill the gap.

To do this, quantum the length of the gap between the door and stop. Then quantum the width at the widest point.

Cut a wedge to these dimensions (see diagram) and nail it to the stop at the standard point. Once the wedge is in position, trim it again until you get a exquisite fit.

The remedies above only work if the door has warped at the top or lowest corner. If it has warped in the centre you will have to cut a curved wedge tapered at both ends.

Another way to deal with this problem, if you can take off the door, is to try laying it flat, supported on two chairs, bowed side up. Place some heavy weights on top and leave it for a few days.

How to Fix a Warped Door

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Kitchen equipment

The potential of kitchen tool often speaks volumes about the commitment of the cafeteria to their customers. They can even complement the food in a nice and enticing way. Most people are very sensitive about even the cutlery used while serving the food.

The term cafeteria supplies cover a vast group of cooking and serving linked products. They can include bar ware, table articles, cooking tool and bakeware, refrigerators, cutlery sets etc.

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Kitchen articles are exclusive items used in the kitchen like pans, broilers, cheesemelters, griddles, hotplates, ovens, cooking ranges, roaster, spreader pans, steamers, toasters etc. No cafeteria worth its salt can function without any of these in enough quantities. All these articles come in different sizes and capabilities.

Refrigerators are inseparable to any kitchen, be it of a cafeteria or home. Refrigerating units include blast chillers, display cases, deep freezers, countertops and walk in boxes. They help the staff to keep large quantities of perishable raw ingredients as well as terminated food items in storehouse for longer periods.

Small kitchen tool like cutting boards, dish boxes, mixing bowls, pizza servers, utility pails and pans, steam table ware, French fry baggers etc increases the convenience of the cafeteria staff and helps them to serve faster.

The style of serving also act as an leading factor that beckons a customer again and again to a restaurant. The table top supplies like ashtrays, coasters, decanters, drinkware, dinnerware, china, bread boards and bottles, possessor and jars, menu holders, different bowls for sugar and the like, shakers etc should be of consummate quality. They should have a dramatic optical corollary too.

Kitchen equipment

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